Vacuum cleaners work on the principle of suction. It uses an air pump to create vacuum inside the pipe, which results in sucking up air from the atmosphere. The air along with it also brings in the dirt and dust from floors or carpets. A vacuum cleaner consists of the following parts: ; Intake Embrasure ; Exhaust Embrasure. ; An electric motor. ; A fan ; A bag which is porous. ; A housing that contains all the other parts. ; Vacuum Parts ; Intake Embrasure-The intake port should be narrow for the efficient suction of dust particles since the narrower it is, the speed of sucking the dust would be more since the speed of vacuum cleaner is fixed the volume of air passing through it in a certain duration of time would also remain constant. Irrespective of the size of the intake embrasure, the number of particles that goes inside the vacuum cleaner remains the same but if the port is made smaller the air particles move faster to get through in the given time, the speed increases and the pressure decreases as a result at a given place. The decrease in pressure leads to a greater suction force at the opening of the intake embrasure and this enables it to suck heavier particles and better cleaning. ; Exhaust Embrasure- This is the opening through which the air enters the vacuum cleaner. It is to be remembered that the air that enters the vacuum cleaner is dust-filled and the dust particles are emptied into the vacuum bag. ; Electric Motor- The motor of the vacuum cleaner works like any other motor. It uses magnet to create motion. Magnetic theory says that like poles repel and unlike poles attract, therefore inside the motor the forces of attraction and repulsion create a rotational motion. ; Fan- The function of suction is possible only when the motor runs at a good speed and in turn the fan also functions the same way. The rotating fan creates a stream of moving air, which moves through the intake port and goes out of the exhaust embrasure. The air particles when they move create a frictional force between the dust particles and the air particles and if the friction is strong enough and the dust particle is light, they are carried away by the moving air. ; Vacuum Bag- Once the dust is sucked inside it is accumulated in the porous bag. Air passes through the bag, which has pores that are big, enough to let the air particles pass through and not the dust particles. These bags act as air filters. They are made of porous materials like cotton or paper. This is how the dirt and the debris are collected in the vacuum bag. The vacuum cleaner bag can be anywhere between the intake tube and the exhaust embrasure as long as the air current keeps flowing. In most of the vacuum cleaners bag is at the last stop where the air reaches. After the air is filtered it is pushed outside.
In nutshell the motor works when it gets the supply of electricity since it is attached to the fan that has blades like a propeller. The fan rotates and the air is forced outwards towards the exhaust port. The air particles and the density increase simultaneously in front of the fan and density goes down behind the fan. The drop in pressure creates the suction that is required to pull the ambient air with the dust particles. The air pressure inside the vacuum should be lower than the pressure outside, only then the air pushes itself through the intake post.
Vacuum Blowers
Your vacuum cleaner can also act like a blower that can blow the dry leaves off your garden or your cupboard; it is just that the suction is not created in the vacuum cleaner. Therefore it starts acting like a blower, only the process is reversed.
